Source: The map compiles data which industrial installations under the ETS report, found at the European Union Transaction Log. We are grateful to Jan Abrell for the initial cleaning and matching of this data, which he makes freely available at https://euets.info/background and which we use. Data on solar installations are taken from the Global Power Plant Database. Data on wind installations are taken from the number of occurrences of a ‘wind turbine’ in OpenStreetsMap divided by surface area (square kilometres) in each NUTS-2 region. Data on active coal mines in the EU are provided by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Data on low carbon steel plants is provided by the Green Steel Tracker developed jointly by Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and the LeadIT Secretariat.

Note: Industrial installations under the ETS are colour coded according to their activity type as shown in the legend. The plants are represented by three different radius circles according to the recorded CO₂ emissions in 2019: small (<300,000t) medium (300,001 – 1,000,000t) and large (> 1,000,000t). The sizes of circles for coal mines, solar and wind installations are set according to a continuous scale of the relative capacities, in tonnes of production and MW electricity output, respectively. Oil pipelines are sized independent of capacity.